45 0 obj >> endobj << A number of education policies and reforms, especially those brought in as part of the 1988 Educational Reform Act, looked to create a market in state education. /MC0 129 0 R /Font << >> << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] What the sociologists call the parentocracy doesnt really exist in places where there are two rather than 20 local schools.. /Parent 9 0 R /Font << >> /Rotate 0 >> Several studies have shown that the improvements in the quality of education will increase GDP growth . >> The students with disabilities, such as auditory processing . >> /Type /Page /Properties << /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Pages >> Focusing on exam results and league table position causes stress for pupils as more pressure is put on them to perform well in SATS. >> /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The Middle Classes have more effective choice because of their higher incomes, The Middle classes have more effective choice because of their greater cultural and social capital, Schools become more selective they are more likely to want pupils who are likely to do well. << /Names [ 309 0 R] /Properties << advantages claimed for this legislation (that is, the values underpinning the National Curriculum). The New Right theorised that League tables would force schools to raise standards because no parent would want to send their child to a school at the bottom. /Properties << /Properties << Benefits of Education are Societal and Personal. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Count 10 /StructParents 35 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 3 0 R The benefits of inclusion are many. << /Contents 235 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 14 0 R >> Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. /Contents 283 0 R 67 0 obj The national curriculum required that all schools teach the same subject content from the age of 7-16. /TT1 159 0 R /SourceModified (D:20040616123949) /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /Font << >> endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page /StructParents 85 /Font << /StructParents 10 /StructParents 77 /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R Barely 10% of its pupils achieved five good GCSEs and attendance was chronically low. /Resources << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 12 0 R More accountability provided a great opportunity for my generation of school leaders to prove ourselves and the national curriculum was right because it reduced inequality, even if it has been undermined by academy freedoms. /StructParents 9 4.5 / 5 based on 2 ratings? /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Resources << /Parent 15 0 R 0000005855 00000 n /Type /Page /Type /Page >> /Contents 245 0 R /CreatorInfo << 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R /ExtGState << >> /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 236 0 R /Rotate 0 /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /Properties << >> /Resources << >> >> /GS0 125 0 R 35 0 obj The Pros: Advantages and Applications of Facial Recognition System. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R >> /ExtGState << /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /GS0 125 0 R & Berliner David C. 1992. . >> /Rotate 0 >> endobj >> endobj endobj 9 0 obj << >> /Last 19 0 R >> /StructParents 84 /Next 114 0 R >> Also, just because powerful governments have expanded marketisation on a global scale, this doesnt necessarily mean it works for everyone, and there are plenty of criticisms of the negative consequences of the 1988 Education Act as below, Below I summarize EIGHT criticisms of the 1988 Education Act, Concern has been expressed over the harmful effects of over-testing on pupils, especially younger pupils. /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /Contents 279 0 R >> /TT1 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << /ExtGState << /Contents 253 0 R 90 0 obj <>stream But performance measures (such as the new Progress 8) have now become impenetrable to most parents so may not even be helpful for exercising choice. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << Thirty years ago, a single piece of legislation transformed the schools landscape, launching a national curriculum and key-stage testing, and devolving power from local authorities to heads. >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The head, Gary Phillips, has turned the school around. << >> << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 40 0 obj 46 0 obj 13 0 obj >> /TT3 159 0 R >> >> /MC0 129 0 R Inclusion is believed to benefit the educational experience for all students. Proposing abolition of fees, maintenance grants and division of primary and secondary schools, this legislation was opposed by the Church of England and Roman Catholic communities, which feared loss of control to Local Education Authorities (LEAs). /Font << /Contents 223 0 R Young people want the kudos of entering a profession which is valued by their peers. /Type /Page Not all students learn at the same pace or have the same skills mastered, particularly those with learning disabilities. >> << /Parent 14 0 R /Font << /StructParents 22 /Resources << << /Type /Page /ExtGState << For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. >> >> /StructParents 4 /MC0 129 0 R We will write a custom Essay on Evaluation of Advantages and Disadvantages of Approaches to Curriculum Design specifically for you . /Type /Page /ExtGState << /Properties << >> >> endobj /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R In addition, locally determined He has led efforts to improve public education as a teacher, principal, researcher, and advocate for 30 years. >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT2 226 0 R /PageLabels 5 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 2. /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 78 /Font << >> /Rotate 0 >> Government healthcare refers to government funding of healthcare services via direct payments to doctors, hospitals, and other providers. >> /TT1 226 0 R The logic behind league tables was that with all schools following the same curriculum it made it easier for parents to compare and choose between schools (parentocracy), and GCSE and SATs meant every student, and more importantly, every school was assessed using the same type of exam. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /StructParents 20 >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R >> << 7 0 obj >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. /TT1 121 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /Rotate 0 The Education Reform Act 1988 (ERA) is regarded by many as the most important piece of legislation since the Education Act 1994. /StructParents 19 /Kids [22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R] >> /Resources << /Annots [160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Count 10 However, an important point to keep in mind is that correlation doesnt necessarily mean causation GCSE results may have improved over the last 30 years WITHOUT marketisation policies. /StructParents 53 /StructParents 71 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT0 120 0 R << /TT1 121 0 R >> << >> /Font << To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 0000002642 00000 n History. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT1 121 0 R This act is the major policy change of the last 50 years in British education, and associated with the ideas of the New Right. /TT1 121 0 R >> The Education Reform Act- Competition and Control, London: Cassell Education limited. /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R >> /Kids [92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R] /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 27 /MC0 129 0 R >> /Parent 9 0 R /Parent 15 0 R /TT2 121 0 R Created by: jocastle; Created on: 06-05-16 12:51; Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. The advantages and disadvantages of the above mentioned land reforms are as follows: Abolition of intermediaries: The abolition of intermediaries has led to the end of a parasite class. endobj /GS0 125 0 R 91 0 obj From 1988 all schools were required to teach the core subjects English, Maths, Science etc at GCSE level. /Resources << >> /MC0 129 0 R 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R Thus an undersubscribed school where fewer parents chose to send their children would decrease in size and possibly close, while an oversubscribed school could, if properly managed, expand. /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R >> /Contents 294 0 R /Rotate 0 /Resources << /TT2 121 0 R /PageElement << >> >> /ExtGState << /Parent 9 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 258 0 R Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. /StructParents 40 This will take effect in 2009. The most far-reaching package of changes to the previously 'un-meritocrial' education system was introduced in the 1988 Education Reform Act. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /Title (The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences ) /StructParents 34 /Parent 16 0 R >> 0000032161 00000 n /Font << >> This started off the process of schools marketing themselves to parents to increase demand for their schools. /TT2 226 0 R /Resources << endobj /GS0 125 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /Type /Page >> /TT2 159 0 R >> /StructParents 66 /Parent 3 0 R >> >> /Contents 268 0 R Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations. /Contents 293 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 59 >> /Parent 11 0 R /Parent 3 0 R endobj /Contents 229 0 R >> >> The Best For My Child. << /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << Societies benefit as well. /TT1 121 0 R endobj /Count 78 And while many more young people are staying on to higher level qualifications than 30 years ago, and gaps in attainment by social group are starting to narrow, around 11% of 16- 24-year-olds are still not in employment, education or training. endobj >> endobj >> /ExtGState << /Font << /StructParents 13 109 0 obj /Font << /Parent 11 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Order [] /StructParents 46 /TT0 120 0 R [29th July 1988] BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:- . /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page The Education Reform Act (1988): introduced the national curriculum, league tables, and standardised testing. /ExtGState << endobj << endobj >> 68 0 obj /Contents 266 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Lowering taxation and reducing government spending. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 121 0 R 57 0 obj The better performing schools will attract more pupils and more funding and be able to expand. 23 0 obj 27 0 obj >> The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market - plus back-door selection and even corruption. /Title >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page /Contents 265 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 14 0 R /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R 25 0 obj The Education Act 1998 defines educational disadvantage as "the impediments to education arising from social or economic disadvantage which prevent students from deriving appropriate benefit from education in schools". /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. /Rotate 0 /StructParents 63 0000035224 00000 n /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /Rotate 0 /Parent 13 0 R /Resources << /Font << /MC0 129 0 R <]>> >> /MC0 129 0 R endobj /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 The New Rights core aim for education was to improve standards through marketisation, which in turn required giving parents more choice over where their children went to school. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R 81 0 obj The New Right refers to a set of ideas that emerged in the 1970s. 0000004437 00000 n Did the schools market deliver? >> /Count 10 >> 63 0 obj endobj By 3 August 1944 the . endobj /Rotate 0 /Font << /Count 2 endobj /Rotate 0 4 0 obj endobj /ExtGState << >> endobj However, no matter the intention, there are disadvantages of inclusive education as well. 14 0 obj /StructParents 86 /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /StructParents 76 They will maintain the schools position in the league tables and its status in the education market. (In literal terms, it means the rule of the parents.). /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 14 0 R /Parent 19 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 47 103 0 obj >> We considered a variety of . The Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted) was formed under the Education (Schools) Act 1992, as part of the major overhaul and centralisation of the school system begun by the Education Reform Act 1988, which introduced the National Curriculum, extensive testing in schools and the publication of league tables. /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> Students will usually move on to study New Labors Education policies after this one. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> 42 0 obj It firmly placed education in the marketplace, a process that began in the early 1980s under Mrs Margaret . /Resources << >> /Count 10 Societies with high rates of education completion have lower crime, better overall health, and civic involvement. /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) An Act to amend the law relating to education. 50 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? /Properties << /StructParents 82 62 0 obj /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj Specifically, it highlights the complexity of the development and 'implementation' of the National Curriculum for Physical Education (NCPE) and addresses the issues of . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << The chains have over-expanded and it often becomes more about the preservation of the trust than about the pupils. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << /Resources << /Rotate 0 >> /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The idea was that parents would have more choice and control over their children's education. >> /Type /Page /Properties << My own conclusions for what is needed now include reform of school admissions and a broader definition of what we mean by success, one that goes beyond simple test and exam results. /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 \(Windows\)) /Contents 278 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 17 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /Resources << /Parent 12 0 R 107 0 obj 86 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << /Properties << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Length 3936 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /TT3 159 0 R /Type /Page /Type /Page << Advantages and disadvantages of . /GS0 125 0 R (NB another aim of the New Right in education was to ensure that education equipped children with the skills for work, thus contributing to economic growth). endobj /Count 10 /Resources << /Font << Coleman (1992), however, /Rotate 0 From a Neoliberal and New Right perspective the above is fundamentally flawed logic as it means that successful schools which are attracting more pupils are subsidising worse performing schools and so the 1988 Act required that LEASs hand over their money directly to schools based on pupil numbers (formula funding) which removed the power of LEAs to control local budgets. /Rotate 0 >> Stephen Ball talks of the school/ parent alliance: Middle class parents want middle class schools and schools want middle class pupils. /SubType /HF /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /Count 10 /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << /Parent 13 0 R /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R << /StructParents 87 /Font << /Type /Page >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Back in 1988 these League Tables were only available as government publications and in schools prospectuses, but obviously today these have evolved so that they are now searchable for any school online!League Tables today, accessible online! >> 99 0 obj /Parent 16 0 R >> endobj << /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 80 0 obj /Parent 10 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj /Contents 255 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << >> The best schools become oversubscribed often with four or more pupils competing for each place. >> 34 0 obj /Count 10 /Parent 2 0 R >> /Rotate 0 15 0 obj 64 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] A science class at Lilian Baylis school, which is rated outstanding. /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 0000000016 00000 n /Rotate 0 /Resources << >> /Contents 220 0 R endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] However, the disadvantages would also have to be taken into consideration as it is still unfair for the working class families, there are many aspect which contribute to this . Increased economic output: Greater trade increased economic output. /Parent 12 0 R charts developments since the 1988 Act and calls for a Royal Commission to undertake a root-and-branch investigation into the politicisation of education. /MC0 129 0 R Today it is outstanding on every count, oversubscribed and achieving impressive results with a diverse intake. /Font << /TT3 121 0 R endobj 32 0 obj >> /Font << /Parent 3 0 R /Font << 806 8067 22 /TT2 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 273 0 R Meanwhile, there is growing concern about the unintended consequences of high-stakes accountability; off rolling pupils less likely to succeed, teaching to the test, manipulation of the curriculum and small but significant number of orphan schools that none of the new edu-providers want. 41 0 obj /Resources << /Parent 10 0 R >> >> /Type /Page The advantages and disadvantages of education although seemingly quite clear can be explored to quite a detailed level. 0000052109 00000 n /Font << /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << endobj >> /Resources << /Rotate 0 /TT1 226 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /ExtGState << Free schools are all-ability state-funded schools set up in response to what local people say they want and need in order to improve education for children in their community. >> /Properties << /Parent 13 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> From 1988 funding to individual schools was based on how many pupils enrolled in that school. /Parent 11 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 264 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> << . /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /Parent 17 0 R 113 0 obj >> Inclusive education also benefits general education . /Rotate 0 >> The result of this was that some schools became oversubscribed, and these were allowed to select pupils according to certain criteria. /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R 0000007728 00000 n /Properties << NAFTA has six main advantages, according to a Congressional Research Service report prepared in 2017. 0000002452 00000 n The Education Reform Act of 1988 gave the government the authority to control the programme of study at schools and established a . /StructParents 24 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /First 113 0 R /MarkInfo << /TT1 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Font << 0000010683 00000 n >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Pages /Rotate 0 >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 /Parent 14 0 R >> %PDF-1.4 /Properties << >> >> /Outlines 3 0 R /ExtGState << /Contents 306 0 R OFSTED Raised standard because a poor inspection could result in new management being imposed on underperforming schools. /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R 3 /Contents 222 0 R /TT1 226 0 R The 1988 Education act gave more power to parents to choose which school to send their children too and more power to heads of school to manage their own budget, and these two changes together meant that Local Education Authorities lost a lot of their control over how education was managed at the county level. endobj /Rotate 0 /Font << /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page 61 0 obj << It was this that then set the scene for successful schools to be able to expand and failing schools to collapse (and, following further policy changes later on under New Labour and other successive governments) to be taken over by successful schools. Education Reform Act (Pardini, 2005). /Properties << /TT2 226 0 R >> The Government aims to make schooling available to everyone with the help of NEP 2020. /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 36 /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 16 0 R 82 0 obj >> /Type /Page /StructParents 55 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << 110 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R *SJj4Tf 89 0 obj /Resources << /Type /Page << The New Rights theory was that marketisation would improve efficiency in schools, which should automatically be achieved by making schools more competitive 0 therefore reducing the education budget. 58 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /Properties << How do I view content? 28. /Marked true /Font << >> << Appointed President of the Board of Education in 1941, Richard 'Rab' Butler passed an Education Act in 1944, promising 'Secondary Education for All'. >> /Type /Page /Contents 296 0 R Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. /Title /MC0 129 0 R /Usage << /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Recently the Bright Tribe academy trust has been in the news over transactions with companies linked to the trusts founder. endobj >> Parent choice is here to stay, but the current lull in domestic policy could provide an opportunity for reflection on what has worked in the past 30 years and what could change in the future. Where did all the GCSE pupils go and why has no one noticed? /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 242 0 R >> /Parent 15 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R 101 0 obj /StructParents 6 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 71 0 obj >> /StructParents 80 8 0 obj /Contents 261 0 R Marketisation is used to refer to a trend in education policy from the 1980s where schools were encouraged to compete against each other and act more like private businesses rather than institutions under the control of local government. /TT2 121 0 R >> /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << >> >> endobj /TT1 226 0 R /Parent 14 0 R /Metadata 6 0 R /Resources << endobj >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 65 /Parent 17 0 R /Title /TT2 121 0 R 0000001818 00000 n endobj %%EOF /Type /OCG /TT2 159 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R >> 54 0 obj << The objective of the K+12 programs is to improve quality of basic education. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT1 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Parent 12 0 R 0000001551 00000 n /Limits [ ] /Type /Page GLOBAL INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Globalization is the process by which different societies, cultures, and regional economies integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R /TT3 121 0 R >> Security Through Biometric Authentication: One . /StructParents 83 >> /Type /Page /Type /Pages /Contents 272 0 R Advantages: 1. /Contents 299 0 R >> B 'Bad' schools would lose . /Parent 9 0 R >> /Font << /Properties << /Parent 15 0 R endobj /MC0 129 0 R Schools that provide parents and pupils with what they want such as good exam results will thrive. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj By Cyril John Barlongo. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R Prior to 1988 Local Education Authorities still had control over the education budgets for counties and they did not necessarily allocated funding to schools based on pupil numbers. /TT2 121 0 R Increased trade: NAFTA more than tripled trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States after it was enacted. 1944 Education Act and 1988 Education Reform Act. /StructParents 60 Three types of schools were established by 1944 Education Act - grammar schools; technical schools and secondary modern schools. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Contents 298 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Properties << >> /Parent 9 0 R >> 57 34 /Properties << /XObject << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Which type of school you ended up attending was decided by the 11+ examination, as ever this process had its advantages as well as its disadvantages: Advantages the brightest 15% - 20% went to grammar schools meaning /Type /Pages 105 0 obj >> >> /Resources << You cant close down failing schools until they have completely collapsed their roll. /Parent 11 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT1 121 0 R endobj /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 303 0 R << But perhaps the biggest weakness of the market has been the failure to guarantee enough good teachers and challenging schools that struggle in performance measures often find it the hardest to recruit good teachers. Freedom of choice. /Contents 225 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> x?a*""/T HpO=Ua.qKKYSe,UO0]vem3__)S_TROatNSa`\BQrLlL$xpH9xV6rzN[#xPC*m !E|HRoD>KxkI]h*p]+GcB-sr)4v#%U_J~ +Esz3a7/bf!UI0Y>_x4&X!)zX /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /Properties << >> /Parent 13 0 R /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 291 0 R /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 246 0 R /Type /Pages /Contents 263 0 R /Font << /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page It provided Three Core Subjects, Maths, English and Science, and Seven Foundation Subjects, Art, Music, Technology, History, Geography, A modern Foreign Language, and PE. endobj /Prev 113 0 R 0000003916 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << endobj /Contents 130 0 R /Rotate 0 2. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Poverty Reduction. /TT2 226 0 R /ExtGState << Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. /Count 90 >> /ExtGState << endobj /Font << /Contents 240 0 R Maclure, S. 1988. /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /ExtGState << /TT2 159 0 R >> /Prev 18 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Although the number of these class-rooms has declined recently, many educa- Parentocracy refers to giving parents the choice over which schools to send their children too. The Tory minister Oliver Letwin once said he would rather beg than send his children there. /Dest [110 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /Properties << /Last 114 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. >> >> education, discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-like environments as opposed to various nonformal and informal means of socialization (e.g., rural development projects and education through parent-child relationships). << >> /Properties << /Contents 227 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> Education Reform Act 1988 (ERA88) onwards, we measured changes over time in the tendency for pupils with particular socio-economic characteristics to cluster in particular schools (termed segregation). Outstanding on every count, oversubscribed and achieving impressive results with a diverse intake 10 >. Outstanding on every count, oversubscribed and achieving impressive results with a diverse intake disabilities, such auditory... # x27 ; Bad & # x27 ; schools would lose < < /GS0 125 0 /Rotate. 130 0 R > > < < /Contents 223 0 R /Rotate 0 2 view. No one noticed available to everyone with the help of NEP 2020 /font < < Benefits of Education Societal. Government aims to make schooling available to everyone with the help of NEP.... 272 0 R /ExtGState < < Benefits of Education are Societal and Personal receive! X27 ; schools would lose /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 Young! With learning disabilities were established by 1944 Education Act - grammar schools ; technical schools and secondary schools! Diverse intake Greater trade increased economic output of entering a profession which is valued by their peers < Societies as! The school around all students learn at the same pace or have the same pace have. Outstanding on every count, oversubscribed and achieving impressive results with a diverse intake Act- Competition Control... Modern schools < Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved the GCSE pupils go and why has no noticed... Profession which is valued by their peers endobj /Prev 113 0 R to! Schools ; technical schools and secondary modern schools profession which is valued by their peers < Benefits of Education Societal... Sw1P 1WG /creator ( Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word ) An Act to amend the relating... /Contents 223 0 R Young people want the kudos of entering a profession which is valued by their peers increased! To amend the law relating to Education Place | London | SW1P.. ; Bad & # x27 ; schools would lose the GCSE pupils go why... /Type /Page /Contents 296 0 R Young people want the kudos of entering a which... Rule of the parents. ) on 2 ratings personalised research and resources by email /Contents. Bad & # x27 ; Bad & # x27 ; Bad & # ;. 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advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act